內容簡介 

From the academic perspective, Southern Minis one of the Chinese language families, a dialect. Specifically, TaiwaneseSouthern Min (TSM) has resulted from a mixture of Formosan languages, Dutch,Japanese and Mandarin by way of language contact.  It has preserved the basic structure, but isquite different from the Southern Min spoken in Mainland China. TSM isthe natural result of a mixture of different accents.

The author has dedicated his research lifeto the study of TSM, and the profound result of his study is revealed in thisbook.

本書特色

1.林慶勳教授投注數十年心力研究台灣閩南語，內容扎實。

2.與國立教育研究院合作翻譯出版，並經過專家及母語人士審稿校訂，譯稿品質高。

3.是國外讀者研究及學習台灣閩南語的最佳素材。

作者簡介 

林慶勳

一九四五年出生於桃園，一九七九年畢業於中國文化學院中文研究所，一九八○年獲得國家文學博士學位。歷任文化大學、高雄師大講師、副教授、教授（1976-1994），日本東京大學文學部外國人研究員（1989-1990），高雄中山大學中文系主任（2000-2003）暨文學院行天宮人文發展中心主任（2001-2004），

About the Author

Chapter 1

Basic Concepts 007

I. The definition of Southern      Min  inTaiwan                  007

        1.1  TSM and other Southern Minvarieties   007

        1.2  Sub-dialects   010

        1.3  TSM: Communication andcultures   014

II. Population of Taiwanese dialects   019

        2.1  Population in Taiwan  019

        2.2  Distribution of Formosan   023

III Methods of studying TSM   032

        3.1  Fieldwork   032

        3.2  Using rime books   035

        3.3  Analysis of TSMliterature   047

Chapter 2

Historical Developments of TSM 055

I. The       meaning    of     developments   055

        1.1  Population increases anddecreases   056

        1.2  Factors in TSM and SMdifferences   057

        1.3  Trends for TSM studies   059

        1.4  Perspectives of TSMstudies   060

II Different stages   062

        2.1  Stages   062

        2.2  Concluding for the historicalperiods   085

III Events inthe history   088

Chapter 3

Characteristics of Southern Min in Taiwan 103

I. Phonetic characteristics   103

        1.1  Voiced stops preserved   103

        1.2  Bilabial nasal as anending   106

        1.3  Four stops at ending   108

        1.4  Nasalized vowels and syllabicnasals   110

        1.5  Differences between literaryand colloquial readings   113

        1.6  Seven tones   115

        1.7  Tone sandhi   117

II Lexical  characteristics   120

        2.1  Polysemy  120

        2.2  Homonyms   120

        2.3  Specific morphologicalstructure   122

        2.4  Frequently-used vocabularyexemplified   122

III Grammatical characteristics   132

        3.1  Morphologicalcharacteristics   132

         3.2 Word structure   139

        3.3  Syntactic structure   142

Chapter 4

The phonology of Taiwanese Southern Min 145

I. Initials   145

        1.1  Fifteen Initials   145

        1.2  Analysis of Initials   147

        1.3  A contrastive analysis of Mandarin and TSM initials   150

II Rimes  157

        2.1  Rime and syllable   157

        2.2  Analysis of TSM rimes   160

        2.3  Nucleus vowels, Initials andFinals   169

        2.4  An analysis Mandarin and TSMrimes   171

III Tones  192

        3.1  Tone categories   192

        3.2  Pitch values   194

        3.3  Correspondence betweenMandarin and TSM tones   195

IV Phonotactics: Initials,    rimes, and tones   196

V Phonological variation   199

        5.1  Initial variation  199

         5.2 Rime variation   200

        5.3  Contraction   201

        5.4  Tone sandhi   203

VI Accents  206

        6.1  Complete correspondence   206

        6.2  Partial correspondence   208

        6.3  Contrastivecorrespondence   209

VII Literary and colloquial        reading  210

        7.1  Initials in literary andcolloquial readings   211

        7.2  Rimes in literary andcolloquial readings   212

        7.3  Tones in literary andcolloquial readings   218

Chapter 5

Writing and Transcription in TSM 219

I Chinese  characters   219

        1.1  Original words   220

        1.2  Xiun-du   231

        1.3  Jiajie (borrowed words)   233

II Church  Romanization   235

III Alphabet system   of TSM   237

IV Kana in TSM   248

Selected Bibliography   251

Appendix

Chapter    1

Basic Concepts

I. The definition of Southern Min in Taiwan

1.1 TSM and other Southern Min varieties

There are some different terms used forSouthern Min in Taiwan(henceforth, TSM), for instance Taiyu, Taiwanhua, Minnanhua, Helohua, Fulaohua,Helaohua.  Essentially, TSM differs fromthe Southern Min spoken in Fujien, China, or the Chinese community in foreigncountries such as Singaporeand the Philippines.

In Taiwan TSM  speakers account  for  more than  70%  of  thepopulation, hence it is also called Taiwanese. This is much similar toforeigners’ use of “Sino language” for Chinese. Historically speaking,Taiwanese people immigrated mostly from Fujien province, or further back inhistory from the center of Chinese culture, where the He and Lo riversmeet.  This would explain why Taiwaneseis also called Helohua (hua=language, meaning the language spoken in the He andLo area.)

We adopt the term Southern Min in Taiwan(TSM) because it distinguishes this language from other languages in Taiwan,for instance, Taiya, Amis, Lukai, Paiwan, Hakka, and Mandarin. In addition, itspecifically differentiates the Taiwanversion from the Southern Min used in other areas such as Xiamen,Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Chaozhou, and Shantou.

In China, there are fifty-six ethnicgroups, among which the Han people are the most populous. According to ChineseLanguage Atlas (Longman, 1987) there are 7 dialects in the Chinese-languagefamily: Official language, 1 Wu, Xiang, Gan, Min, Yue, and Hakka. In fact, 3more dialects were added, and so there are 10 dialects in the Chinese

language family, shown below:

(1) Unit: Million

Languages                        Population

a. Official language 66,223

b. Wu    6,975

c. Min   5,507

d. Jin     4,570

e. Yue    4.021

f. Hakka        3,500

g. Gan   3,127

h. Xiang 3,085

i. Hui    312

j. Ping    200